eng
Alpha Creation Enterprise
Biofuel Research Journal
2292-8782
2016-03-01
3
1
332
346
10.18331/BRJ2016.3.1.3
11937
Advances in biofuel production from oil palm and palm oil processing wastes: A review
Jundika C. Kurnia
jundika.kurnia@petronas.com.my
1
Sachin V. Jangam
2
Saad Akhtar
3
Agus P. Sasmito
4
Arun S. Mujumdar
arunmujumdar123@gmail.com
5
Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117575 Singapore
Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3450 University Street, Frank Dawson Adams Bldg, Montreal Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3450 University Street, Frank Dawson Adams Bldg, Montreal Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117575 Singapore
Over the last decades, the palm oil industry has been growing rapidly due to increasing demands for food, cosmetic, and hygienic products. Aside from producing palm oil, the industry generates a huge quantity of residues (dry and wet) which can be processed to produce biofuel. Driven by the necessity to find an alternative and renewable energy/fuel resources, numerous technologies have been developed and more are being developed to process oil-palm and palm-oil wastes into biofuel. To further develop these technologies, it is essential to understand the current stage of the industry and technology developments. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the palm oil industry, review technologies available to process oil palm and palm oil residues into biofuel, and to summarise the challenges that should be overcome for further development. The paper also discusses the research and development needs, technoeconomics, and life cycle analysis of biofuel production from oil-palm and palm-oil wastes.
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_11937_ee725a619513a1181ee22773c067a6ad.pdf
Oil palm wastes
Biofuel
Life cycle analysis
Technoeconomics
eng
Alpha Creation Enterprise
Biofuel Research Journal
2292-8782
2016-03-01
3
1
347
356
10.18331/BRJ2016.3.1.4
13498
Recent updates on lignocellulosic biomass derived ethanol - A review
Rajeev Kumar
rajeev.dartmouth@gmail.com
1
Meisam Tabatabaei
editorial@biofueljournal.com
2
Keikhosro Karimi
keikhosro.karimi@hb.se
3
Ilona Sárvári Horváth
ilona.horvath@hb.se
4
Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), AREEO, Karaj, Iran
Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
Lignocellulosic (or cellulosic) biomass derived ethanol is the most promising near/long term fuel candidate. In addition, cellulosic biomass derived ethanol may serve a precursor to other fuels and chemicals that are currently derived from unsustainable sources and/or are proposed to be derived from cellulosic biomass. However, the processing cost for second generation ethanol is still high to make the process commercially profitable and replicable. In this review, recent trends in cellulosic biomass ethanol derived via biochemical route are reviewed with main focus on current research efforts that are being undertaken to realize high product yields/titers and bring the overall cost down.
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_13498_61055f8e5654e64184179338c9ad1083.pdf
Pretreatment
Cellulase
Fermentation
Consolidated bioprocessing
eng
Alpha Creation Enterprise
Biofuel Research Journal
2292-8782
2016-03-01
3
1
357
365
10.18331/BRJ2016.3.1.5
12527
Evaluation of different lignocellulosic biomass pretreatments by phenotypic microarray-based metabolic analysis of fermenting yeast
Stuart Wilkinson
stuart.wilkinson@nottingham.ac.uk
1
Darren Greetham
darren.greetham@nottingham.ac.uk
2
Gregory A. Tucker
gregory.tucker@nottingham.ac.uk
3
Brewing Science Section, Division of Food Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
Brewing Science Section, Division of Food Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
Brewing Science Section, Division of Food Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
Advanced generation biofuel production from lignocellulosic material (LCM) was investigated. A range of different thermo-chemical pre-treatments were evaluated with different LCM. The pre-treatments included; alkaline (5% NaOH at 50°C), acid (1% H2SO4 at 121°C) and autohydrolytical methods (200°C aqueous based hydrothermal) and were evaluated using samples of miscanthus, wheat-straw and willow. The liberation of sugars, presence of inhibitory compounds, and the degree of enhancement of enzymatic saccharification was accessed. The suitability of the pre-treatment generated hydrolysates (as bioethanol feedstocks for Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was also accessed using a phenotypic microarray that measured yeast metabolic output. The use of the alkaline pre-treatment liberated more glucose and arabinose into both the pre-treatment generated hydrolysate and also the hydrolysate produced after enzymatic hydrolysis (when compared with other pre-treatments). However, hydrolysates derived from use of alkaline pre-treatments were shown to be unsuitable as a fermentation medium due to issues with colloidal stability (high viscosity). Use of acid or autohydrolytical pre-treatments liberated high concentrations of monosaccharides regardless of the LCM used and the hydrolysates had good fermentation performance with measurable yeast metabolic output. Acid pre-treated wheat straw hydrolysates were then used as a model system for larger scale fermentations to confirm both the results of the phenotypic microarray and its validity as an effective high-throughput screening tool.
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_12527_a264f31876d7b37f6d4a572eb137680a.pdf
Lignocellulosic ethanol
Pre-treatment
Yeast
metabolic output
phenotypic microarray
eng
Alpha Creation Enterprise
Biofuel Research Journal
2292-8782
2016-03-01
3
1
366
371
10.18331/BRJ2016.3.1.6
12526
Surfactant-assisted direct biodiesel production from wet Nannochloropsis occulata by in situ transesterification/reactive extraction
Kamoru A. Salam
kamoru.salam@ncl.ac.uk
1
Sharon B. Velasquez-Orta
2
Adam P. Harvey
3
School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials (CEAM), Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials (CEAM), Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials (CEAM), Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
This article reports an in situ transesterification/reactive extraction of Nannochloropsis occulata for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production using H2SO4, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) plus H2SO4 and zirconium dodecyl sulphate (ZDS). A maximum 67 % FAME yield was produced by ZDS. Effect of inclusion of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in H2SO4 for FAME enhancement and water tolerance was also studied by hydrating the algae with 10 % - 30 % distilled water (w/w) dry algae. Treatment with SDS in H2SO4 increases the FAME production rate and water tolerance of the process. Inclusion of SDS in H2SO4 produced a maximum 98.3 % FAME yield at 20 % moisture in the algae. The FAME concentration began to diminish only at 30 % moisture in the algae. Furthermore, the presence of a small amount of water in the biomass or methanol increased the lipid extraction efficiency, improving the FAME yield, rather than inhibiting the reaction.
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_12526_04cb0e0be60781dc2cf810c94db5f666.pdf
Wet microalgae
reactive extraction
biodiesel (Fatty acid methyl ester)
Surfactant
surfactant catalyst
eng
Alpha Creation Enterprise
Biofuel Research Journal
2292-8782
2016-03-01
3
1
372
378
10.18331/BRJ2016.3.1.7
12528
Fungal protein and ethanol from lignocelluloses using Rhizopus pellets under simultaneous saccharification, filtration and fermentation (SSFF)
Somayeh FazeliNejad
somayyeh_bid@yahoo.com
1
Jorge A. Ferreira
jorge.ferreira@hb.se
2
Tomas Brandberg
tomas.brandberg@hb.se
3
Patrik R. Lennartsson
4
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
5
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE 501 90, Borås, Sweden
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE 501 90, Borås, Sweden
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE 501 90, Borås, Sweden
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE 501 90, Borås, Sweden
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE 501 90, Borås, Sweden
The economic viability of the 2nd generation bioethanol production process cannot rely on a single product but on a biorefinery built around it. In this work, ethanol and fungal biomass (animal feed) were produced from acid-pretreated wheat straw slurry under an innovative simultaneous saccharification, fermentation, and filtration (SSFF) strategy. A membrane unit separated the solids from the liquid and the latter was converted to biomass or to both biomass and ethanol in the fermentation reactor containing Rhizopus sp. pellets. Biomass yields of up to 0.34 g/g based on the consumed monomeric sugars and acetic acid were achieved. A surplus of glucose in the feed resulted in ethanol production and reduced the biomass yield, whereas limiting glucose concentrations resulted in higher consumption of xylose and acetic acid. The specific growth rate, in the range of 0.013-0.015/h, did not appear to be influenced by the composition of the carbon source. Under anaerobic conditions, an ethanol yield of 0.40 g/g was obtained. The present strategy benefits from the easier separation of the biomass from the medium and the fungus ability to assimilate carbon residuals in comparison with when yeast is used. More specifically, it allows in-situ separation of insoluble solids leading to the production of pure fungal biomass as a value-added product.
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_12528_516ca89308faf6808537be3950663a58.pdf
Cellulosic ethanol
Animal feed
Rhizopus sp
SSFF
Wheat straw