ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of various carbon-based cathode electrodes on the performance of microbial fuel cell
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a prospective technology capable of purifying different types of wastewater while converting its chemical energy into electrical energy using bacteria as active biocatalysts. Electrode materials play an important role in the MFC system. In the present work, different carbon-based materials were studied as electrode and the effect of dissolved oxygen (aeration) in the cathode compartment using actual wastewater was also investigated. More specifically, the effect of different electrode materials such as graphite, carbon cloth, carbon paper (CP), and carbon nanotube platinum (CNT/Pt)-coated CP on the performance of a dual-chambered MFC was studied. Based on the results obtained, the CNT/Pt-coated CP was revealed as the best cathode electrode capable of producing the highest current density (82.38 mA/m2) and maximum power density (16.26 mW/m2) in the investigated MFC system. Moreover, aeration was found effective by increasing power density by two folds from 0.93 to 1.84 mW/m2 using graphite as the model cathode electrode.
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_11605_c7d07a9bbf3fac91936322b707b342bf.pdf
2015-12-01
296
300
10.18331/BRJ2015.2.4.3
Microbial fuel cell
Cathode compartment
Graphite
Carbon cloth
CNT/Pt-coated Carbon paper
Mehrdad
Mashkour
1
Biofuel and Renewable Energy Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Rahimnejad
rahimnejad_mostafa@yahoo.com
2
Biofuel and Renewable Energy Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
Beurskens, H., Brand, A., 2015. Wind Energy, ECN Wind Energy, Netherlands.
1
Chae, K.J., Choi, M.J., Lee, J.W., Kim, K.Y., Kim, I.S., 2009. Effect of different substrates on the performance, bacterial diversity, and bacterial viability in microbial fuel cells. Bioresour. Technol. 100(14), 3518-3525.
2
Chaudhari, S., Deshmukh, A., 2015. Studies on sewage treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater by electrogens isolated from microbial fuel cell. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Scie. 4(4), 118-122.
3
Du, Z., Li H., Gu, T., 2007. A state of the art review on microbial fuel cells: a promising technology for wastewater treatment and bioenergy. Biotechnol. Adv. 25(5), 464-482.
4
Freguia, S., Rabaey, K., Yuan, Z., Keller, J., 2007. Non-catalyzed cathodic oxygen reduction at graphite granules in microbial fuel cells. Electrochim. Acta. 53(2), 598-603.
5
Ghasemi, M., Daud, W.R.W., Hassan, S.H., Oh, S.E., Ismail, M., Rahimnejad, M., Jahim, J.M., 2013. Nano-structured carbon as electrode material in microbial fuel cells: A comprehensive review. J. Alloys Compd. 580, 245-255.
6
Ghasemi, M., Ismail, M., Kamarudin, S.K., Saeedfar, K., Daud, W.R.W., Hassan, S.H., Heng L.Y., Alam, J., Oh, S.E.,2013. Carbon nanotube as an alternative cathode support and catalyst for microbial fuel cells. Appl. Energy. 102, 1050-1056.
7
Ghoreishi, K.B., Ghasemi, M., Rahimnejad, M., Yarmo, M.A., Daud, W.R.W., Asim, N., Ismail, M., 2014. Development and application of vanadium oxide/polyaniline composite as a novel cathode catalyst in microbial fuel cell. Int. J. Energy Res. 38(1), 70-77.
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10
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Rahimnejad, M., Bakeri, G., Najafpour, G., Ghasemi, M., Oh, S.E., 2014. A review on the effect of proton exchange membranes in microbial fuel cells. Biofuel Res. J. 1(1), 7-15.
21
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22
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23
Xie, X., Hu, L., Pasta, M., Wells, G.F., Kong, D., Criddle, C.S., Cui, Y., 2010. Three-dimensional carbon nanotube− textile anode for high-performance microbial fuel cells. Nano Lett. 11(1), 291-296.
24
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25
Zhao, F., Harnisch, F., Schröder, U., Scholz, F., Bogdanoff, P., Herrmann, I., 2005. Application of pyrolysed iron (II) phthalocyanine and CoTMPP based oxygen reduction catalysts as cathode materials in microbial fuel cells. Electrochem. Commun. 7(12), 1405-1410
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Recent trends in acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) production
Among the renewable fuels considered as a suitable substitute to petroleum-based gasoline, butanol has attracted a great deal of attention due to its unique properties. Acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) can be produced biologically from different substrates, including sugars, starch, lignocelluloses, and algae. This process was among the very first biofuel production processes which was commercialized during the First World War. The present review paper discusses the different aspects of the ABE process and the recent progresses made. Moreover, the microorganisms and the biochemistry of the ABE fermentation as well as the feedstocks used are reviewed. Finally, the challenges faced such as low products concentration and products` inhibitory effects on the fermentation are explained and different possible solutions are presented and reviewed.
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_11183_a0cb4c0a97546ecda6b7482f713710d5.pdf
2015-12-01
301
308
10.18331/BRJ2015.2.4.4
Acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE)
Fermentation
Recent trends
Keikhosro
Karimi
karimi@cc.iut.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Meisam
Tabatabaei
editorial@biofueljournal.com
2
Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), AREEO, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Ilona
Sárvári Horváth
ilona.horvath@hb.se
3
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
AUTHOR
Rajeev
Kumar
4
Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
AUTHOR
Abdehagh, N., Tezel F.H., Thibault, J., 2014. Separation techniques in butanol production: Challenges and developments. Biomass Bioenergy. 60, 222-246.
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10
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79
Shafiei, M., Karimi, K., Zilouei H., Taherzadeh, M.J., 2014. Enhanced ethanol and biogas production from pinewood by NMMO pretreatment and detailed biomass analysis. Biomed Res. Int. 2014, 469378.
80
Sims, R.E., Mabee, W., Saddler J.N., Taylor, M., 2010. An overview of second generation biofuel technologies. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 1570-1580.
81
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82
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83
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84
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85
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86
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87
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88
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89
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93
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94
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97
Yazdani, P., Zamani, A., Karimi K., Taherzadeh, M.J., 2015. Characterization of Nizimuddinia zanardini macroalgae biomass composition and its potential for biofuel production. Bioresour. Technol. 176, 196-202.
98
Ye, C., Takigawa, T., Burtovvy, O.S., Langsdorf, L., Jablonski, D., Bell A., Vogt, B.D., 2015. Impact of Nanostructure on Mechanical Properties of Norbornene-based Block Copolymers under Simulated Operating Conditions for Biobutanol Membranes. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 7, 11765-11774.
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100
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102
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dry anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic and protein residues
Utilisation of wheat straw and wool textile waste in dry anaerobic digestion (AD) process was investigated. Dry-AD of the individual substrates as well as co-digestion of those were evaluated using different total solid (TS) contents ranging between 6 to 30%. Additionally, the effects of the addition of nutrients and cellulose- or protein-degrading enzymes on the performance of the AD process were also investigated. Dry-AD of the wheat straw resulted in methane yields of 0.081 – 0.200 Nm3CH4/kgVS with the lowest and highest values obtained at 30 and 21% TS, respectively. The addition of the cellulolytic enzymes could significantly increase the yield in the reactor containing 13% TS (0.231 Nm3CH4/kg VS). Likewise, degradation of wool textile waste was enhanced significantly at TS of 13% with the addition of the protein-degrading enzyme (0.131 Nm3CH4/kg VS). Furthermore, the co-digestion of these two substrates showed higher methane yields compared with the methane potentials calculated for the individual fractions at all the investigated TS contents due to synergetic effects and better nutritional balance.
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_11604_3dc8e15876f76176f7e6e6641cf77e11.pdf
2015-12-01
309
316
10.18331/BRJ2015.2.4.5
Dry anerobic digestion
Lignocellulosic biomass
Wheat straw
wool
Keratin
Enzyme addition
Maryam M
Kabir
maryam.kabir@hb.se
1
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90, Borås, Sweden
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad J
Taherzadeh
mohammad.taherzadeh@hb.se
2
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90, Borås, Sweden
AUTHOR
Ilona
Sárvári Horváth
ilona.horvath@hb.se
3
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90, Borås, Sweden
AUTHOR
Akia, M., Yazdani, F., Motaee, E., Han, D., Arandiyan, H., 2014. A review on conversion of biomass to biofuel by nanocatalysts. Biofuel Res. J. 1(1), 16-25.
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33
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37
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39
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45
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46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pyrolysis characteristic of kenaf studied with separated tissues, alkali pulp, and alkali li
To estimate the potential of kenaf as a new biomass source, analytical pyrolysis was performed using various kenaf tissues, i.e., alkali lignin and alkali pulp. The distribution of the pyrolysis products from the whole kenaf was similar to that obtained from hardwood, with syringol, 4-vinylsyringol, guaiacol, and 4-vinylguaiacol as the major products. The phenols content in the pyrolysate from the kenaf core was higher than that from the kenaf cuticle, reflecting the higher lignin content of the kenaf core. The ratios of the syringyl and guaiacyl compounds in the pyrolysates from the core and cuticle samples were 2.79 and 6.83, respectively. Levoglucosan was the major pyrolysis product obtained from the kenaf alkali pulp, although glycol aldehyde and acetol were also produced in high yields, as previously observed for other cellulosic materials. Moreover, the pathways for the formation of the major pyrolysis products from alkali lignin and alkali pulp were also described, and new pyrolysis pathways for carbohydrates have been proposed herein. The end groups of carbohydrates bearing hemiacetal groups were subjected to ring opening and then they underwent further reactions, including further thermal degradation or ring reclosing. Variation of the ring-closing position resulted in the production of different compounds, such as furans, furanones, and cyclopentenones.
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_11765_e5ab0dc8c9aa8e07f1c712de1c2387f6.pdf
2015-12-01
317
323
10.18331/BRJ2015.2.4.6
Kenaf
Analytical pyrolysis
Valuable phenols
Levoglucosan
Yasuo
Kojima
koji@agr.niigata-u.ac.jp
1
Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yoshiaki
Kato
2
Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan.
AUTHOR
Minami
Akazawa
3
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan.
AUTHOR
Seung-Lak
Yoon
4
Department of Interior Materials Engineering, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, 150 Chiram-Dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-758, Korea.
AUTHOR
Myong-Ku
Lee
5
Department of Paper Science & Engineering, Kangwon National University, 192-1 hyoja 2-dong, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea.
AUTHOR
Bahtoee, A., Zargari, K., Baniani, E., 2012. An investigation on fiber production of different kenaf. World Appl. Sci. J. 16, 63-66.
1
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2
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3
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4
Bridgeman, T.G., Darvell, L.I., Jones, J.M., Williams, P.T., Fahmi, R., Bridgwater, A.V., Barraclough, T., Shield, I., Yates, N., Thain, S.C., Donnison, I.S., 2007. Influence of particle size on the analytical and chemical properties of two energy crops. Fuel. 6, 60-72.
5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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13
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15
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18
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29
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31
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34
Temiz, A., Akbas, S., Panov, D., Terziev, N., Alma, S.P., Kose, G., 2013. Chemical composition and Efficiency of bio-oil obtained from giant cane (Arundo donax L.) as a wood preservative. Bioresouces. 8, 2084-2098.
35
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36
Wang, K., Brown, R.C., Homsy, S., Martinez, L., Sidhu, S.S., 2013. Fast pyrolysis of microalgae remnants in a fluidized bed reactor for bio-oil and biochar production. Bioresour. Technol. 127, 494-499.
37
Ye, Y., Fan, J., Chang, J., 2012. Effect of reaction conditions on hydrothermal degradation of cornstalk lignin. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 94, 190-195.
38
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39
Zhang, Q., Chang, J., Wang, T.J., Xu, Y., 2007. Review of biomass pyrolysis oil properties and upgrading research. Energy Convers. Manage. 48, 87-92.
40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mass-energy balance analysis for estimation of light energy conversion in an integrated system of biological H2 production
The present study investigated an integrated system of biological H2 production, which includes the accumulation of biomass of autotrophic microalgae, dark fermentation of biomass, and photofermentation of the dark fermentation effluent. Particular emphasis was placed on the estimation of the conversion efficiency of light into hydrogen energy at each stage of this system. For this purpose, the mass and energy balance regularities were applied. The efficiency of the energy transformation from light into the microalgal biomass did not exceed 5%. The efficiency of the energy transformation from biomass to biological H2 during the dark fermentation stage stood at about 0.3%. The photofermentation stage using the model fermentation effluent could improve this estimation to 11%, resulting in an overall efficiency 0.55%. Evidently, this scheme is counterproductive for light energy bioconversion due to numerous intermediate steps even if the best published data would be taken into account.
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_11768_76f40fce40363d3f3e9adb988db7c87e.pdf
2015-12-01
324
330
10.18331/BRJ2015.2.4.7
Microalgae
Energy conversion efficiency
Hydrogen production
Fermentation
Purple bacteria
Mass-energy balance
A.I.
Gavrisheva
1
Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
AUTHOR
B.F.
Belokopytov
2
Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
AUTHOR
V.I.
Semina
3
Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
AUTHOR
E.S.
Shastik
4
Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
AUTHOR
T.V.
Laurinavichene
5
Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
AUTHOR
A.A.
Tsygankov
ttt-00@mail.ru
6
Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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