Alpha Creation Enterprise
Biofuel Research Journal
2292-8782
6
1
2019
03
01
Trilateral correlation of spray characteristics, combustion parameters, and deposit formation in the injector hole of a diesel engine running on preheated Jatropha oil and fossil diesel fuel
909
919
EN
Anh Tuan
Hoang
Ho Chi Minh city University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
tuan.hoang@ut.edu.vn
Anh Tuan
Le
Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
tuan.leanh05@gmail.com
10.18331/BRJ2019.6.1.2
The long term use of pure vegetable oil in diesel engines should be thoroughly evaluated from different perspectives including engine performance, deposit formation, etc. to ensure its compatibility. In line with that, the trilateral correlation of spray characteristics, combustion parameters, and deposit formation in the injector hole of a high-speed, 4-stroke, direct injection diesel engine fueled with pure Jatropha oil and diesel fuel (DF) was studied. Jatropha oil was investogated at room temperature 30 <sup>o</sup>C (PSJO30) and in preheated form at 90 <sup>o</sup>C (PSJO90). The expertimental tests were conducted in two phases: (i)- investigation of the spray characteristics of the fuels including cone angle and penetration length at 200 bar of injection pressure, (ii)- investigation of the combustion characteristics (i.e., thermal efficiency and engine emissions) and deposits formation in the injector hole of the diesel engine at 0 h and 300 h of operation. The results obtained showed large differences between the spray characteristics of PJO30 and the other fuels investigated. Moreover, this fuel led to significant reductions in NOx emissions (14.69-20.30%) and thermal efficiency (3.04-4.41%) but large increases in CO emissions (26.36-77.57%), HC emissions (48.98-77.85%), and smoke (58.43-131.71%). It also resulted in huge deposits formed in the injector hole after 300 h of the endurance test compared to DF and PJO90 as revealed by optical observations using scanning electron microscopy analysis. Overall and compared to DF, PSJO30 cannot be recommemded for long term use in diesel engines while PSJO90 may only be considered as an alternative fuel in the short term.<strong><br /></strong>
Preheated Jatropha oil,Endurance test,spray characteristics,Injector,Deposit formation,Thermal efficiency,emissions
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_82392.html
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_82392_f4f82db8cbce80887eaf1fc1d48ee042.pdf
Alpha Creation Enterprise
Biofuel Research Journal
2292-8782
6
1
2019
03
01
A rapid sampling technique for isolating highly productive lipid-rich algae strains from environmental samples
920
926
EN
Suting T.
Huang
Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA.
Jo L.
Goh
Department of Chemistry, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA.
Hossein
Ahmadzadeh
Department of Chemistry, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 1436-91779, Iran.
h.ahmadzadeh@um.ac.ir
Marcia A.
Murry
Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA.
10.18331/BRJ2019.6.1.3
Strain selection and isolation of lipid-rich microalgae are among the two most important steps for screening isolates with maximum biofuel productivity. In this work, we introduce a novel direct sampling technique that allows native strains to be selected for rapid growth under defined conditions followed by direct selection of product-rich species, two desirable characteristics of algae for mass culture. This sampling strategy directly selects the lipid-rich strains visualized under an inverted fluorescence microscope using an X-Y-Z micromanipulator. The enrichment step can be manipulated to select for strains with specific technological applications. Direct sampling of lipid-rich cells avoids the tedious task of screening isolates while using relatively inexpensive equipment.
Strain selection,Algae isolation,Algae screening,Single cell sampling,Lipid-rich microalgae,Biofuel production
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_82393.html
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_82393_d79d8f1e4f72f864c701d7f85f20c4aa.pdf
Alpha Creation Enterprise
Biofuel Research Journal
2292-8782
6
1
2019
03
01
Effect of oxy-fuel combustion on ash deposition of pulverized wood pellets
927
936
EN
Khalidah
Al-Qayim
0000-0001-6924-0655
Energy 2050 Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
khalidah.alqayim@alfarabiuc.edu.iq
William
Nimmo
Energy 2050 Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
w.nimmo@sheffield.ac.uk
Kevin J.
Hughe
Energy 2050 Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
Mohammed
Pourkashanian
Energy 2050 Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
m.pourkashanian@sheffield.ac.uk
10.18331/BRJ2019.6.1.4
Biomass is a clean alternative fuel to coal in terms of carbon, NO<sub>x</sub>, and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the power generation sector. However, ash deposition problems have been a concern with biomass fuels due to the high alkali and residual sulphur contents in the ash forming particles. In this study, the influence of oxy-fuel firing conditions of wood pellets combustion on ash partitioning and deposit formation, were investigated experimentally on a 250-kW pilot scale pulverized furnace and theoretically through chemical equilibrium modelling using the FactSage program. Oxy-fuel combustion case was compared with air-fuel case in this assessment. The results of this study showed that wood pellets had a low tendency for radiation zone slagging, but, had a high fouling tendency in the convective passes. It is possible that oxy-fuel combustion inhibited the release of volatile elements to the gas phase in the initial stages of the combustion, thus reducing the alkali sulphates slagging, increasing however, the alkali sulphate fouling tendencies on the convective passes. Moreover, the effect of the oxy-fuel environment on the ash formation was significant. The chemical equilibrium modelling showed reasonable predictions of the ash behaviour of wood pellets in terms of alkali behaviour and explained to some extent the influence of the oxy environment on ash deposit formation.
Wood pellets,Oxy-fuel,Alkali,Slagging,Fouling,FactSage
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_82394.html
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_82394_1b2b501b312496d580d505751cda9ac6.pdf
Alpha Creation Enterprise
Biofuel Research Journal
2292-8782
6
1
2019
03
01
Stirred and non-stirred lignin solvolysis with formic acid in aqueous and ethanolic solvent systems at different levels of loading in a 5-L reactor
937
946
EN
Solmaz
Ghoreishi
Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Norway, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway.
solmaz.ghoreishi@uib.no
Tanja
Barth
Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Norway, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway.
tanja.barth@uib.no
Hailegebrel
Derribsa
Mjøsvegen 6J, 2380 Brumunddal, Norway.
hailechem@gmail.com
10.18331/BRJ2019.6.1.5
Lignin polymer is biologically and chemically stable and requires highly vigorous conditions for de-polymerization, and subsequent stabilization of the monomeric conversion products to prevent re-polymerization and char production. The Lignin-to-Liquid (LtL) process is a solvolytic conversion of lignin with formic acid. Formic acid has been shown to both catalyze the de-polymerization and supply hydrogen that stabilizes the de-polymerization products. In this paper, lignin from Eucalyptus wood was used as the feedstock, and the LtL-process was performed in both aqueous and ethanolic solvent systems. The experimental variables were different levels of loading in the reactor, stirred and non-stirred conditions, and different reaction temperatures. The bio-oil consisted mostly of phenolic compounds, and the bio-oil yields differed with type of the solvent used, level of loading in the reactor, stirring condition, and operating temperature. More than 55 wt.% of the lignin was recovered as bio-oil at 320 °C at stirred conditions when the reactor was loaded at high level. Overall, the ethanolic solvent together with maximum level of loading in the reactor under stirred condition resulted in the highest bio-oil yield. Elemental balance data for bio-oil and char yields and the molecular composition of the bio-oils were also investigated using, respectively, elemental analysis and GC-MS. Finally, principal component analysis was used as well to systematically explore the relationship between the bio-oil and char yields and the reaction conditions.
Lignin de-polymerization,Stabilization,Lignin-to-Liquid,5-L Scale,Stirring
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_83047.html
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_83047_39737a6e06f288fb391c36318b840670.pdf
Alpha Creation Enterprise
Biofuel Research Journal
2292-8782
6
1
2019
03
01
Corrigendum to “First-order estimates of the costs, input-output energy analysis, and energy returns on investment of conventional and emerging biofuels feedstocks” [Biofuel Res J 5 (4) (2018) 894-899]
947
947
EN
Katrina
L
Christiansen
Stalende, LLC 310 4th Ave SE Jamestown, ND 58401, USA.
katrina.christiansen@stralendellc.com
Dave Raj
Raman
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Guiping
Hu
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
gphu@iastate.edu
Robert
Anex
Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
anex@wisc.edu
10.18331/BRJ2019.6.1.6
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_82395.html
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_82395_5951c7badc982ca1c3972e3c6aa7d28d.pdf