2024-03-29T15:23:07Z
https://www.biofueljournal.com/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=5486
Biofuel Research Journal
BRJ
2017
4
2
Editorial Board
2017
06
01
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_46470_05eec5ee2c362d2dd3e10b49f2036cb5.pdf
Biofuel Research Journal
BRJ
2017
4
2
Biofuel Research Journal: a story of continuing success
Meisam
Tabatabaei
Yusuf
Chisti
Ahmad Fauzi
Ismail
Seeram
Ramakrishna
2017
06
01
571
572
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_46471_9cb6b966ee7d0343fc16fe980a9f1cef.pdf
Biofuel Research Journal
BRJ
2017
4
2
Methods for determination of biomethane potential of feedstocks: a review
Raphael Muzondiwa
Jingura
Reckson
Kamusoko
Biogas produced during anaerobic digestion (AD) of biodegradable organic materials. AD is a series of biochemical reactions in which microorganisms degrade organic matter under anaerobic conditions. There are many biomass resources that can be degraded by AD to produce biogas. Biogas consists of methane, carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of other gases. The gamut of feedstocks used in AD includes animal manure, municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, and various crops. Several factors affect the potential of feedstocks for biomethane production. The factors include nutrient content, total and volatile solids (VS) content, chemical and biological oxygen demand, carbon/nitrogen ratio, and presence of inhibitory substances. The biochemical methane potential (BMP), often defined as the maximum volume of methane produced per g of VS substrate provides an indication of the biodegradability of a substrate and its potential to produce methane via AD. The BMP test is a method of establishing a baseline for performance of AD. BMP data are useful for designing AD parameters in order to optimise methane production. Several methods which include experimental and theoretical methods can be used to determine BMP. The objective of this paper is to review several methods with a special focus on their advantages and disadvantages. The review shows that experimental methods, mainly the BMP test are widely used. The BMP test is credited for its reliability and validity. There are variants of BMP assays as well. Theoretical models are alternative methods to estimate BMP. They are credited for being fast and easy to use. Spectroscopy has emerged as a new experimental tool to determine BMP. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages with reference to efficacy, time, and ease of use. Choosing a method to use depends on various exigencies. More work needs to be continuously done in order to improve the various methods used to determine BMP.
anaerobic digestion
Biogas
Biomethane potential
Feedstock
2017
06
01
573
586
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_46479_0ceb3d50ccf4e501ac44ec3fdda84d48.pdf
Biofuel Research Journal
BRJ
2017
4
2
Biofuel production from Jerusalem artichoke tuber inulins: a review
Samarthya
Bhagia
Hannah
Akinosho
Jorge F.S.
Ferreira
Arthur J.
Ragauskas
Jerusalem artichoke (JA) has a high productivity of tubers that are rich in inulins, a fructan polymer. These inulins can be easily broken down into fructose and glucose for conversion into ethanol by fermentation. This review discusses tuber and inulin yields, effect of cultivar and environment on tuber productivity, and approaches to fermentation for ethanol production. Consolidated bioprocessing with Kluyveromyces marxianus has been the most popular approach for fermentation into ethanol. Apart from ethanol, fructose can be dehydrated into into 5-hydrolxymethylfurfural followed by catalytic conversion into hydrocarbons. Findings from several studies indicate that this plant from tubers alone can produce ethanol at yields that rival corn and sugarcane ethanol. JA has tremendous potential for use as a bioenergy feedstock.
Jerusalem artichoke
Inulin
Tuber yield
Ethanol yield
Fermentation of inulin
5-HMF
2017
06
01
587
599
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_46482_4c3a00edee93b95317193af69a8c9c31.pdf
Biofuel Research Journal
BRJ
2017
4
2
Genetic modification: a tool for enhancing cellulase secretion
Anusuiya
Singh
Anil Kumar
Patel
Mukund
Adsul
Anshu
Mathur
Reeta Rani
Singhania
Lignocellulosic (LC) biomass is abundantly available as a low-cost resource on the Earth. LC conversion into energy carriers is the most accepted alternative energy production policy because it is non-competitor to food or feed. LC ethanol has brought cellulases to the forefront which was otherwise lost in oblivion during last decades. LC biomass can be converted into value added products or into sugars by various routes, e.g., thermo-chemical, chemical, or biological methods. Biological route via enzymes is one of the most eco-friendly and feasible method. Both fungi and bacteria are known to degrade biomass. Fungi have been greatly exploited for cellulase production due to their inherent properties of secreting extracellular cellulase. These microorganisms are known as cellulase producers for many decades, however, to bring the enzymatic biomass conversion to an economically feasible status, extensive research efforts have been made in last decade to enhance cellulase titers. Mutations and genetic interventions along with bioprocess development have played a very important role for enhancing cellulase production. This review will present a critical overview of the on-going research towards improving cellulase production for biofuel industry via genetic modification, which will include mutation and genetic engineering employed to exert changes at genetic level in microorganisms.
Lignocellulosic (LC) biomass
Biological conversion
Cellulase
Genetic engineering
Mutation
2017
06
01
600
610
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_46483_c6fbb17730475eb8863dec3a5afd9d39.pdf
Biofuel Research Journal
BRJ
2017
4
2
Applications of subcritical and supercritical water conditions for extraction, hydrolysis, gasification, and carbonization of biomass: a critical review
D.
Lachos-Perez
A.B.
Brown
A.
Mudhoo
J.
Martinez
M.T.
Timko
M.A.
Rostagno
T.
Forster-Carneiro
This review summarizes the recent essential aspects of subcritical and supercritical water technology applied tothe extraction, hydrolysis, carbonization, and gasification processes. These are clean and fast technologies which do not need pretreatment, require less reaction time, generate less corrosion and residues, do not usetoxic solvents, and reduce the synthesis of degradation byproducts. The equipment design, process parameters, and types of biomass used for subcritical and supercritical water process are presented. The benefits of catalysis to improve process efficiency are addressed. Bioactive compounds, reducing sugars, hydrogen, biodiesel, and hydrothermal char are the final products of subcritical and supercritical water processes. The present review also revisits advances of the research trends in the development of subcriticaland supercritical water process technologies.
Biomass
Subcritical water
Supercritical water
Waste-to-Energy
2017
06
01
611
626
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_46484_7de4ade5b85be13dd1c9209c6217ac6c.pdf
Biofuel Research Journal
BRJ
2017
4
2
Biodiesel blend (B10) treated with a multifunctional additive (biocide) under simulated stored conditions: a field and lab scale monitoring
Adriane R.
Zimmer
Aline
Oliboni
Sergio L. C.
Viscardi
Roberta M.
Teixeira
Marco Flores
Ferrão
Fátima M.
Bento
Microbial contamination of stored diesel/biodiesel fuel over time and the consequent changes in the fuel chemical composition is of serious concern. The use of biocides has also been shown to be an effective strategy to address this challenge but in some countries like Brazil, no products have been released and licensed to be used yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifunctional additive containing a biocide (i.e., 3,3-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine); in short MBO) as 50% of its formulation (AM-MBO50) for controlling microbial contamination under simulated storage conditions. The experiment was conducted under two conditions: at lab-scale and in the field (real-world condition). In both experiments, B10 blend treated with AM-MBO50 as well as the untreated fuel blend were stored under simulated storage conditions for 35 and 90 d, respectively. The additive effectiveness and the changes in oxidative stability, water content, density, and viscosity were monitored. The results showed that the evaluated product was an efficient treatment to control microbial growth at 1000 ppm concentration, presenting a biocide action after 7 d in the tanks containing the treated fuel and with a low microbial challenge and a biostatic action in the tanks containing the treated fuel and with a high microbial challenge. In the tanks containing the fuel treated with AM-MBO50, no adhesion of biofilm in the oil/water interface nor meaningful changes in the quality parameters such as oxidative stability, water content, viscosity, and density were observed after 90 d. A comparison between the lab-scale and field results showed that the application conditions determined at the lab-scale can only serve as preliminary guidance for the field (real-world) application and that they should be monitored and adjusted for each specific system.
Biodiesel blend (B10)
Microbial growth
Multifunctional additive
Biocide
MBO
2017
06
01
627
636
https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_46485_54c97b8aa47c474547da24c4ad1bed76.pdf