Opportunities and challenges for n-alkane and n-alkene biosynthesis: A sustainable microbial biorefinery

Document Type : Review Paper

Authors

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.

2 Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

3 State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, the Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.

Abstract

Alkanes and alkenes are high-value platform chemicals that can be synthesized by microorganisms, utilizing organic residues from agri-food industries and municipalities, thereby offering an alternative opportunity in resource recovery. Current research and technological advancements for the biosynthesis of alkanes and alkenes are mainly impeded by low product titers, obstructing the bioprocess upscaling and large-scale applications. Thus, current scientific investigations aim to improve productivity by utilizing natural and engineered metabolic pathways in various microbial chassis to suppress competing metabolic pathways, coupled with bioprocess optimization. Additionally, to reduce costs, research is being conducted on utilizing inorganic carbon sources such as CO2 to promote the green synthesis of alkanes and alkenes. Therefore, this review critically discusses the opportunities and challenges in alkane and alkene biosynthesis, aiming to examine the current technological advancements. In this review, the limitations of five major metabolic pathways for alkane and alkene biosynthesis are thoroughly discussed, highlighting their shortcomings. Additionally, various techniques, including metabolic engineering, autotrophic metabolic pathways, and new non-biosynthetic routes, are investigated as potential methods to enhance product titers. Furthermore, this review offers valuable insights into the economic and environmental aspects of alkane and alkene biosynthesis while also presenting perspectives for future research directions.

Graphical Abstract

Opportunities and challenges for n-alkane and n-alkene biosynthesis: A sustainable microbial biorefinery

Highlights

  • Major fatty acid biosynthetic pathways were reviewed and discussed.
  • Alkanes and alkenes are valuable platform chemicals with diverse industrial applications and potential use in biofuels.
  • Key enzymes and competitive pathways in microbes impact the yield of n-alkane/n-alkene biosynthesis.
  • Genetic modification is crucial for large-scale n-alkane/n-alkene biosynthesis from CO2.
  • Detailed techno-economic analysis is necessary for mass production of n-alkane/n-alkene.

Keywords

Copyright © 2023, Alpha Creation Enterprise.

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