Biofuel Research Journal

Biofuel Research Journal

Methanotroph biotransformation for nutrient recovery: a review of current strategies and future opportunities

Document Type : Review Paper

Authors
Xin Zheng 1
Qianru Liu 1
Sahar Khademi 2
Benyamin Khoshnevisan 3
Mingyi Xu 4
Yifeng Zhang 4
Yu Lou 1
Hongbin Liu 5
Na Duan 1
1 Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
2 Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark.
4 Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
5 Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
10.18331/BRJ2024.11.2.2
Abstract
The escalating global demand for protein and the imperative to meet sustainable development goals have driven the emergence of biotransformation platforms, with methanotrophs showing significant potential in this field. In this paper, the metabolism, nutritional requirements, cultivation strategies, and bioreactors of methanotrophs are reviewed. Integrating upstream and downstream technologies is also advocated to advance the development of methanotroph biotransformation platforms toward a circular economy model. The advancements in utilizing biogas as a viable carbon source and wastewater as a nitrogen source are discussed, emphasizing the need for detailed quality control and safety assessments to ensure the suitability of single-cell protein as animal feed. In general, by integrating advanced nutrient recovery technologies to define new process routes, methanotroph biotransformation platforms can bring better environmental benefits by reducing carbon emissions and saving resources. Shifting to renewable energy is crucial for achieving environmental sustainability. By using renewable energy to power microbial fermentation, biomass dehydration, and waste recycling, the platform can offset high energy consumption and attain significant market competitiveness with traditional protein sources.

Graphical Abstract

Methanotroph biotransformation for nutrient recovery: a review of current strategies and future opportunities

Highlights

  • Renewable energy is a crucial driver in promoting methanotroph biotransformation platforms.
  • Environmental benefits are the core competitiveness of the second-generation methanotroph single-cell protein (M-SCP).
  • M-SCP from waste should be tested in extensive feeding trials to verify safety.
  • Combining biotransformation and nutrient recovery from a circular economy perspective.

Keywords
Methanotroph
Carbon recovery
Nutrient recovery
Single-cell protein
Sustainability
Environmental benefit
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Biofuel Research Journal
Volume 11, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
Spring 2024
Pages 2065-2081