Biofuel Research Journal

Biofuel Research Journal

Green biodiesel production: a review on feedstock, catalyst, monolithic reactor, and supercritical fluid technology

Document Type : Review Paper

Authors
Rizo Edwin Gumba 1
Suryani Saallah 1, 2
Mailin Misson 1
Clarence M. Ongkudon 1, 3
Ann Anton 1, 4
1 Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia.
2 Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
3 Energy Research Unit, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia.
4 Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia.
10.18331/BRJ2016.3.3.3
Abstract
The advancement of alternative energy is primarily catalyzed by the negative environmental impacts and energy depletion caused by the excessive usage of fossil fuels. Biodiesel has emerged as a promising substitute to petrodiesel because it is biodegradable, less toxic, and reduces greenhouse gas emission. Apart from that, biodiesel can be used as blending component or direct replacements for diesel fuel in automotive engines. A diverse range of methods have been reported for the conversion of renewable feedstocks (vegetable oil or animal fat) into biodiesel with transesterification being the most preferred method. Nevertheless, the cost of producing biodiesel is higher compared to fossil fuel, thus impeding its commercialization potentials. The limited source of reliable feedstock and the underdeveloped biodiesel production route have prevented the full-scale commercialization of biodiesel in many parts of the world. In a recent development, a new technology that incorporates monoliths as support matrices for enzyme immobilization in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) for continuous biodiesel production has been proposed to solve the problem. The potential of SC-CO2 system to be applied in enzymatic reactors is not well documented and hence the purpose of this review is to highlight the previous studies conducted as well as the future direction of this technology.

Graphical Abstract

Green biodiesel production: a review on feedstock, catalyst, monolithic reactor, and supercritical fluid technology

Highlights

  • Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) for continuous biodiesel production has been reviewed.
  • The potential of SC-CO2 system to be applied in enzymatic reactors has been discussed.
  • Monoliths as support matrices for enzyme immobilization have been reviewed.

 

Keywords
Algae biodiesel
Lipase immobilization
Monolithic bioreactor
Organic monolith
Inorganic monolith
Super critical carbon dioxide
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Biofuel Research Journal
Volume 3, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
Summer 2016
Pages 431-447