Biodiesel blend (B10) treated with a multifunctional additive (biocide) under simulated stored conditions: a field and lab scale monitoring

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Microbiology, Parasitology, and Immunology Departament, RS, Brazil.

2 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Chemistry Departament, RS, Brazil.

3 Ipiranga Produtos de Petróleo, Brazil.

Abstract

Microbial contamination of stored diesel/biodiesel fuel over time and the consequent changes in the fuel chemical composition is of serious concern. The use of biocides has also been shown to be an effective strategy to address this challenge but in some countries like Brazil, no products have been released and licensed to be used yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifunctional additive containing a biocide (i.e., 3,3-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine); in short MBO) as 50% of its formulation (AM-MBO50) for controlling microbial contamination under simulated storage conditions. The experiment was conducted under two conditions: at lab-scale and in the field (real-world condition). In both experiments, B10 blend treated with AM-MBO50 as well as the untreated fuel blend were stored under simulated storage conditions for 35 and 90 d, respectively. The additive effectiveness and the changes in oxidative stability, water content, density, and viscosity were monitored. The results showed that the evaluated product was an efficient treatment to control microbial growth at 1000 ppm concentration, presenting a biocide action after 7 d in the tanks containing the treated fuel and with a low microbial challenge and a biostatic action in the tanks containing the treated fuel and with a high microbial challenge. In the tanks containing the fuel treated with AM-MBO50, no adhesion of biofilm in the oil/water interface nor meaningful changes in the quality parameters such as oxidative stability, water content, viscosity, and density were observed after 90 d. A comparison between the lab-scale and field results showed that the application conditions determined at the lab-scale can only serve as preliminary guidance for the field (real-world) application and that they should be monitored and adjusted for each specific system.

Graphical Abstract

Biodiesel blend (B10) treated with a multifunctional additive (biocide) under simulated stored conditions: a field and lab scale monitoring

Highlights

  • The additive including a biocide reduced biomass formation under both lab and field conditions.
  • The quality of B10 treated with MA-MBO50 remained within the standard specifications after 90 d.
  • Lab-scale data on the application of biocides need to be adjusted under real-world conditions.

Keywords

References

[1] Ambrozin, A.R.P., Kuri, S.E., Monteiro, M.R., 2009. Corrosão metálica associada ao uso de combustíveis minerais e biocombustíveis. Química ova.32(7), 1910-1916.
[2] Andrykovitch, G., Niehof, R.A., 1987. Fuel-soluble biocides for control of Cladosporium resinae in hydrocarbons fuel. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2(1), 35-40.
[3] Bento, F.M., Gaylarde, C.C., 2001. Biodeterioration of stored diesel oil: studies in Brazil. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 47(2), 107-112.
[4] Berrios, M., Martín, M.A., Chica, A.F., Martín, A., 2012. Storage effect in the quality of different methyl esters and blends with diesel. Fuel. 91(1), 119-125.
[5] Brauner, A., Fridman, O., Gefen, O., Balaban, N.Q., 2016.  Distinguishing between resistance, tolerance and persistence to antibiotic treatment.  Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 14(5), 320-330. 
[6] Browne, A.B., 2011. Sustainable and effective preservation strategies for ultra low sulphur diesel biodiesel and unleaded gasoline, in: IASH, The 11th International Conference on Stability. Handling and use of liquid fuels, Sarasota, Florida, USA. 16-20.
[7] Bücker, F., Barbosa, C.S., Quadros, P.D., Bueno, M.K., Fiori, P., te Huang, C., Frazzon, A.P.G., Ferrão, M.F., de Oliveira Camargo, F.A., Bento, F.M., 2014. Fuel biodegradation and molecular characterization of microbial biofilms in stored diesel/ biodiesel blend B10 and the effect of biocide. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 95, 346-355.
[8] Bushnell, L.D., Haas, H.F., 1941. The utilization of certain hydrocarbons by microorganisms. J. Bacteriol. 41(5), 653-673.
[9] Cavalcanti, E.H.S., 2009. Estabilidade do biodiesel e misturas-abrangência, limitações dos métodos de avaliação e alternativas futuras. Biodieselbr. 3, 71-73.
[10] Cazarolli, J.C., Bücker, F., Manique, M.C., Krause, L.C., Maciel, G.P.D.S., Onorevoli, B., Caramão, E.B., Cavalcanti, E.H.D.S., Samios, D., Peralba, M.D.C.R., Bento, F.M., 2012. Suscetibilidade do biodiesel de sebobovino à biodegradaçãopor Pseudallescheria boydii. Revista Brasileira de Biociências. Porto Alegre. 10(3), 251-257.
[11] Cazarolli, J.C., Guzatto, R., Samios, D., Peralba, M.D.C.R., de Siqueira Cavalcanti, E.H., Bento, F.M., 2014. Susceptibility of linseed, soybean, and olive biodiesel to growth of the deteriogenic fungus Pseudallescheria boydii. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 95, 364-372.
[12] Cloete, T.E., Smith, F., Steyn, P.L., 1989. The use of planktonic bacterial populations in open and closed recirculating water cooling systems for the evaluation of biocides. Int. Biodeterioration. 25(1-3), 115-122.
[13] Costerton, J.W., Lappin-Scott, H.M., 1989. Behaviour of bacteria in biofilms. ASM NEWS. 55, 650-654.
[14] de Azambuja, A.O., Bücker, F., de Quadros, P.D., Zhalnina, K., Dias, R., Vacaro, B.B., Correa, C., Ferrão, M.F., de Oliveira Camargo, F.A., Triplett, E., Bento, F.M., 2017. Microbial community composition in Brazilian stored diesel fuel of varying sulfur content, using high-throughput sequencing. Fuel. 189, 340-349.
[15] Dodos, G.S., Konstantakos, T., Longinos, S., Zannkos, F., 2011. Effects of microbiological contamination in the quality of biodiesel fuel. Global NEST J. 14(2), 175-182.
[16] Dodos, G.S., Zannikos, F., 2013. Microbiological growth study of biodiesel fuel. SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 6(2), 419-429.
[17] Fregolente, P.B.L., Fregolente, L.V., Wolf Maciel, M.R., 2012. Water content in biodiesel, diesel, and biodiesel-diesel blends. J. Chem. Eng. 57(6), 1817-1821.
[18] Geva, J., Geissmann, E., Ittah, E., Nakdimon, I., Sapir, Y., Fass, R., 2007. ATP analyses as a tool to determine the need to clean the fuel tanks of diesel motivated vehicles before refouling with biocides and stability improving additives. in: IASH2007, 10th International Conference on Stability. Handling and use of liquid fuels, Tucson, Arizona. 7-11.
[19] Geva, J., Propes, J., Papier, J., Busanni, M., Zehavi, E., Fass, R., 1992. Effects of stabilizing additives on the susceptibility of diesel fuels to microbial attack. in: Giles, H.N. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels. Orlando, Florida.
[20] Hettige, G.E., Sheridan, J.E., 1989. Interactions of fungi contaminating diesel fuel. Int. Biodeterior. 25(4), 299-309.
[21] Hill, E.C., Hill, G.C., 2000. Detection and remediation of microbial spoilage and corrosion in aviation kerosene-From refinery to Wing, in: IASH2000, The 7th International Conference on Stability. Handling and use of liquid fuels, Graz, Austria.
[22] Hill, E.C., Hill, G.C., 2009. Strategies for resolving problems caused by microbial growth in terminals and retail sites handling biodiesels, in: IASH2009, The 11th International Conference on Stability. Handling and use of liquid fuels, Prague, Czech Republic.
[23] Karavalakis, G., Stournas, S., Karonis, D., 2010. Evaluation of the oxidation stability of diesel/biodiesel blends. Fuel, 89(9), 2483-2489.
[24] Kavanagh, K., 2011. Fungi: biology and applications, second edition, in: National University of Ireland Maynooth, (Ed.), Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, pp. 366.
[25] Mazumdar, P., Borugadda, V.B., Goud, V.V., Sahoo, L., 2013. Effect of storage parameters on stability of Jatropha-derived biodiesel. Int. J. Energy Environ. Eng. 4(1), 13.
[26] McCormick, R.L., Westbrook, S.R., 2009. Storage stability of biodiesel and biodiesel blends. Energy Fuels. 24(1), 690-698.
[27] Nichols, W.W., 1989. Susceptibility of biofilms to toxic compounds. Structure and Function of Biofilms, Characklis, W.G., Wilderer, A. (Eds.), Wiley-Interscience, pp. 321-331.
[28] Passman, F.J., 2013. Microbial contamination and its control in fuels and fuel systems since 1980-a review. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 81, 88-104.
[29] Pereira, M.O., Vieira, M.J., Melo, L.F., 2000. The effect of clay particles on the efficacy of a biocide. Water Sci. Technol. 41(4-5), 61-64.
[30] Raikos, V., Vamvakas, S.S., Sevastos, D., Kapolos, J., Karaiskakis, G., Koliadima, A., 2012. Water content, temperature and biocide effects on the growth kinetics of bacteria isolated from JP-8 aviation fuel storage tanks. Fuel. 93, 559-566.
[31] Rodríguez-Rodríguez, C.E., Rodríguez-Cavallini, E., Blanco, R., 2009. Bacterial contamination of automotive fuels in a tropical region: the case of Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical. 57(3), 489-504.
[32] Schleicher, T., Werkmeister, R., Russ, W., Meyer Pittroff, R., 2009. Microbiological stability of biodiesel-diesel mixtures. Bioresour. Technol. 100(2), 724-730.
[33] Schwingel, W.R., Eachus, A.C., 2009. Antimicrobial additives for metalworking lubricants, in: Rudnick, L.R. (Ed.), Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications, 2nd ed. CRC, Boca Raton. 383-397.
[34] Siegert, W., 2009. Microbial contamination in diesel fuel-are new problems arising from biodiesel blends, in: IASH, 11th International Conference on Stability. Handling and Use of Liquid Fuels, Prague, Czeth Republic. 18-22.
[35] Soriano, A.U., Martins, L.F., de Assumpção Ventura, E.S., de Landa, F.H.T.G., de Araújo Valoni, É., Faria, F.R.D., Ferreira, R.F., Faller, M.C.K., Valério, R.R., de Assis Leite, D.C., do Carmo, F.L., 2015. Microbial aspects of biodiesel and biodiesel/diesel blends biodeterioration. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 99, 102-114.
[36] Strömberg, N., Saramat, A., Eriksson, H., 2013.  Biodiesel degradation rate after refueling. Fuel. 105, 301-305.
[37] Trafny, E.A., Lewandowski, R., Kozlowska, K., Zawistowska-Marciniak, I., Stepinska, M., 2015. Microbial contamination and biofilms on machines of metal industry using metalworking fluids with or without biocides. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 99, 31-38.
[38] Zimmer, A., Galves, F., Canal, N., Corção, G., Bento, F.M., 2010. Monitoramento da contaminação microbiana em tanque subterrâneo com diesel e biodiesel (B4) in: 4º congresso da rede brasileira de tecnologia de biodiesel e 7º congress brasileiro de plantas oleaginosas, óleos, gorduras e biodiesel, belo horizonte. Anais LAVRAS: UFLA. 3, 1505-1506.
[39] Zimmer, A., Bucker, F., Bento, F.M., Cavalcanti, E.H.S., Guillermo, H., Pacheco, J., Resende, V.L.D., Teixeira, R.M., Viscardi, S.L.C., 2012. Vida de prateleira e avaliação dos níveis de contaminação de diesel S500, biodiesel metílico de soja e de misturas B5 e B20 armazenados em recipientes de aço por 120 dias na região sul in: 5º congresso da rede brasileira de tecnologia de biodiesel e 8º congresso brasileiro de plantas oleaginosas, óleos, gorduras e biodiesel, Salvador. Anais LAVRAS: UFLA. 3, 1511-1512.
[40] Zimmer, A., Cazarolli, J., Teixeira, R.M., Viscardi, S.L.C., Cavalcanti, E.S.H., Gerbase, A.E., Ferrão, M.F., Piatnicki, C.M.S., Bento, F.M., 2013. Monitoring of efficacy of antimicrobial products during 60 days storage simulation of diesel (B0), biodiesel (B100) and blends (B7 and B10). Fuel. 112, 153-162.

Files

Cited by

Share

How to cite

Statistics